Important Countries

Islamic Republic of Afghanistan

Earthquakes, floods, avalanches, and droughts highly affect the country of Afghanistan because of its location and geographical structure. The deterioration of natural balance has resulted in a 40% decrease in rain and a ~1.8ºC increase in the mean temperature.

Hunger and similar problems are threatening risks to the country's well-being, as its socio-economic state is concerning. Since 1980, 20,00 people have been reported to be dead in Afghanistan, with around 9 million people affected, all due to natural disasters.

Republic of Argentina

Floods, volcanoes, water shortages, extreme heat, and wildfires are all serious concerns for the Republic of Argentina. Western Argentina is in danger of many volcanic and landslide-related hazards, whereas extreme heat affects the northern portion of the country alongside the lack of water. A great majority of the country is affected by floods, whether riverine or coastal.

Brazil

The climate in Brazil is getting hotter and drier. The greenhouse effect of excess carbon dioxide and methane emissions makes the Amazon rainforest hotter and drier, resulting in more wildfires in Brazil. Parts of the rainforest risk becoming savannas.

Brazil’s greenhouse gas emissions per person are higher than the global average, and Brazil is among the countries that emit a large amount of greenhouse gas. Brazil's greenhouse gas emissions are almost 3% of the annual world total. Firstly, due to cutting down trees in the Amazon rainforests, which emitted more carbon dioxide in the 2010s than they absorbed. And secondly, from large cattle farms, where cows belch methane. In the Paris Agreement, Brazil promised to reduce its emissions, but the incumbent Bolsonaro government has been criticized for doing too little to limit or adapt to climate change

Bangladesh

Frequent cyclones and the effects of monsoon rain are the greatest issues in Bangladesh, alongside earthquakes, tsunamis, and extreme temperatures.

Rising sea levels threaten the islands of Bangladesh. 75% of Bangladesh is underwater, and it's reported that 11% of the country's land has been lost. This situation may lead to the displacement of many civilians, making it crucial to be dealt with.

Haiti

Climate change is a very big terror in Haiti. It’s very hard for us to deal with climate change.

~Joseph Jouthe, Prime Minister of Haiti (2019)

Floods, cyclones, and storms have been a problem in Haiti throughout its history. 98% of the forests in Haiti were estimated to be lost, putting the country through hard times.

Many Caribbean countries, including the Dominican Republic, which shares the island of Hispaniola with Haiti, are in the hurricane belt and are suffering from the effects of global warming. More than 96% of Haiti's people are at risk of disasters, and the damage caused by these emergencies imposes a heavy economic burden, with the World Bank also reporting that Hurricane Matthew in 2016 cost nearly a third of the country's GDP. It is estimated that the damage is equivalent to 1. The 2010 earthquake killed around 250,000 people and cost 120% of the country's GDP.

Indonesia

Indonesia's most densely populated islands, the coastal areas of Java and Sumatra, parts of West and North Sulawesi, and the southeastern Papuan archipelago, are all vulnerable to numerous climate disasters, including droughts, floods, landslides, and rising sea levels. extremely vulnerable to In a global risk analysis conducted by the World Bank, Indonesia ranks 12th out of 35 countries facing a relatively high risk of death due to multiple hazards. According to recent vulnerability mapping for Southeast Asia, western and eastern Java are considered hotspots affected by multiple threats. These hazards are geological or hydrometeorological and include earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, floods, landslides, droughts, wildfires, etc. An estimated 40% of the country's population is at risk.

Kazakhstan

At the end of 2022, Kazakhstan suggested a Climate Change Action Report. With United Nations Development in Kazakhstan and the Government Facility, the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Kazakhstan formed the 8th National Communication and the 5th Biennial Report. According to those, when we compare 1961–1990 to 1991–2020, the country is getting hotter by 0.9°C. The days above 30-35°C are increasing., especially in the south, southwest, and west of the country. For short, in 2020, the country recorded 1.92°C above the usual, which updated the 1.89°C from 2013. The report contains a status picture of greenhouse gas emissions, provides fourth-party projections of climate change in Kazakhstan, and highlights mitigation and adaptation policies and measures. Working on this report will develop Kazakhstan’s combat strategy for climate change.

Kenya

On the Global Adaptation Initiative Index, Kenya ranks slightly higher than other low-income countries. However, this does not mean that the climate crisis is any less dire, especially in areas such as the northwest Turkana region. This region of Kenya is affected by the region's worst drought in 40 years, as part of a major drought in the Horn of Africa. For this reason, and considering the losses associated with this drought (in 2019 alone, the drought is estimated to have cost Kenya more than $708 million (€678 million)), German Watch ranked the country as one of the countries most affected by climate change. Climate Risk Index 2020 Report. The fact that Kenya is East Africa's largest economy does not exempt it from the risks of climate change. If a country is experiencing the economic and infrastructure impacts of global warming, it could have a significant impact on neighboring countries. This is one reason why the Kenyan government has committed significant resources to respond to the crisis and strengthen the resilience of its communities. While accounting for less than 0.1% of global greenhouse gas emissions, we have also committed to reducing these emissions by 32% by 2030.

Somalia

Over the past few decades, the cycle of crises in Somalia has seriously affected the country's ability to address climate change, one of the greatest threats it currently faces. Somalia, along with Kenya and Ethiopia, is currently facing the effects of the Horn of Africa's worst drought in 40 years, with some parts of the country at high risk of famine as a result. More than 60% of Somalis are pastoralists, meaning their survival depends on sufficient regular rainfall to keep their herds healthy and well-nourished. Over the past decade, this goal has become increasingly difficult to achieve. So are Somali farmers, whose operations account for 65% of the country's GDP. One of the reasons for the dire situation in this country is the civil war over the past 30 years. Conflict impedes the development and maintenance of a robust infrastructure for government-led climate response systems to protect civilians from these shocks. Coupled with high levels of vulnerability, the situation of civilians is increasingly precarious.

Türkiye

Turkiye is predicted to be hit harder than many other countries, but the impact will vary widely across regions of the country, with the southern and western regions predicted to experience the greatest temperature increases in the summer. The worst-case scenario is that by 2100, temperatures will rise by 7 degrees. Weather extremes are predicted to occur in 2021, with widespread forest fires in the south, flooding in the north, and increased wind speeds across the Marmara region. In the 21st century, temperatures are expected to increase by an average of 2 to 3 °C, and overall precipitation will decrease significantly. However, further rainfall is possible in the north, with rain potentially replacing snow and further flooding predicted. Seasonally, precipitation is higher in winter but decreases by 50% in spring and autumn. From 1979 to 2019, the average annual precipitation in Turkey was just over 50 cm, and the average temperature was about 15 °C. Due to climate change, rainfall is decreasing and becoming less regular, and hydropower generation is also decreasing in proportion to the amount of rainfall. Annual precipitation during this period varied between more than 60 cm and less than 45 cm, and the average annual temperature varied by 4 degrees. Moreover, Turkiye is already a water-scarce country, but population growth and climate change are expected to make water scarcity worse by the 2070s (less than 1,000 m3). Soil erosion is expected to increase. In 2020, December was hotter than before, and flowers bloomed on the trees in Istanbul, which was unusual. Rising sea surface temperatures are one of the causes of marine slime in the Marmara Sea and are expected to bring further changes to marine life in Turkish waters. The water temperature in the Black Sea has increased by 2 degrees.